Ti?ng Ba T?

Ti?ng Ba T?
Ti?ng Ba T?
Fārsi
?????
	Fārsi vi?t b?ng ch? Ba T?-? R?p
Phát am	[f????si?]
S? d?ng t?i	Iran; Afghanistan (d??i tên ti?ng Dari); Tajikistan (d??i tên ti?ng Tajik); Uzbekistan (d??i tên ti?ng Tajik); Iraq; Nga; Azerbaijan;
T?ng s? ng??i nói	45 tri?u (2007) – 60 tri?u (2009) ng??i b?n ng?; T?ng c?ng 110 tri?u.
Phan lo?i	?n-?u ?n-Iran Iran Tay Iran Tay Nam Iran Ti?ng Ba T?; ; ; ; ;
Ng?n ng? ti?n than	Ti?ng Ba T? c? Ti?ng Ba T? trung ??i Ti?ng Ba T?; ;
D?ng chu?n	Tay Ba T? Dari Tajik
Ph??ng ng?	Tay Ba T? Dari Ba T? Trung á (Tajik) Bukhara Pahlavan Hazara Aimaq Ba T? Do Thái Dehwar Tat Do Thái Tat Kavkaz Tat Armenia
H? ch? vi?t	Ch? Ba T? (Iran và Afghanistan); Ch? Kirin (Tajikistan); Hebrew; H? ch? n?i ti?ng Ba T?; ;
??a v? chính th?c
Ng?n ng? chính th?c t?i	Iran (d??i tên "ti?ng Ba T?"); Afghanistan (d??i tên ti?ng Dari); Tajikistan (d??i tên ti?ng Tajik)
Quy ??nh b?i	Hi?p h?i ng?n ng? và v?n h?c Ba T? (Iran);
M? ng?n ng?
ISO 639-1	fa
	per (B); fas (T)
ISO 639-3	tùy tr??ng h?p:; pes – Ti?ng Tay Ba T?; prs – Ti?ng Dari (Ba T? Afghan); tgk – Ti?ng Tajik; aiq – Ph??ng ng? Aimaq; bhh – Ph??ng ng? Bukhora; haz – Ph??ng ng? Hazara; jpr – Ti?ng Ba T? Do Thái; phv – Ph??ng ng? Pahlavan; deh – Ti?ng Dehwar; jdt – Ti?ng Tat Do Thái; ttt – Ti?ng Tat (Kavkaz)
Glottolog	fars1255
Linguasphere	58-AAC (Wider Persian); > 58-AAC-c (Central Persian)
	Khu v?c n?i có s? ng??i nói Ba T? ?áng k? (tính c? ph??ng ng?).
	Các qu?c gia n?i ti?ng Ba T? là ng?n ng? chính th?c.
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百度在他看来，不管是Zara在2017年第四季度的促销，还是该公司集中在2018年1月的季末清仓，都会将消费者们被压抑的需求释放。

Ti?ng Ba T? hay ti?ng Persia, còn ???c bi?t ??n nh? ti?ng Farsi (????? fārsi [f????si?] ^?), là m?t ng?n ng? Iran thu?c ng? t?c ?n-Iran c?a h? ng?n ng? ?n-?u. Nó ch? y?u ???c nói ? Iran, Afghanistan (d??i tên g?i ti?ng Dari t? n?m 1958),^[8] và Tajikistan (tên g?i ti?ng Tajik vào th?i X? Vi?t ),^[9] và m?t vài vùng khác v? m?t l?ch s? ???c xem là thu?c ?? qu?c Ba T?. Ti?ng Ba T?, nói chung, ???c vi?t b?ng ch? Ba T?, m?t bi?n th? c?a ch? ? R?p.

Ti?ng Ba T? hi?n ??i là s? ti?p n?i c?a ti?ng Ba T? trung ??i, ng?n ng? t?n giáo và v?n h?c chính th?c c?a ?? ch? Sassanid, mà chính nó l?i là h?u than c?a ti?ng Ba T? c?, ng?n ng? c?a ?? ch? Achaemenes.^[10]^[11]^[12] Ng? pháp c?a nó t??ng ??ng v?i nhi?u ng?n ng? c?a chau ?u ???ng th?i.^[13]

Có ch?ng 110 tri?u ng??i nói ti?ng Ba T? trên toàn c?u và ng?n ng? này có v? th? chính th?c t?i Iran, Afghanistan, và Tajikistan. Trong nhi?u th? k?, ti?ng Ba T? c?ng là ng?n ng? v?n hóa t?i nhi?u vùng ? Tay á, Trung á, và Nam á.^[14]

Ti?ng Ba T? ?? ?nh h??ng (ch? y?u v? t? v?ng) m?t cách ?áng k? lên nhi?u ng?n ng? xung quanh, nh?t là các ng?n ng? Turk mi?n Trung á, Kavkaz, và Ti?u á, nh?ng ng?n ng? Iran lan c?n, c?ng nh? ti?ng Armenia, ti?ng Gruzia, vài ng?n ng? ?n-Iran khác, ??c bi?t là ti?ng Urdu (m?t d?ng ti?ng Hindustan). Nó c?ng ?nh h??ng ph?n nào lên ti?ng ? R?p, n?i b?t nh?t là ? ti?ng ? R?p Bahran.^[15] Ng??c l?i, ti?ng Ba T? c?ng m??n r?t nhi?u t? trong ti?ng ? R?p sau cu?c xam l??c Ba T? c?a ng??i ? R?p.^[10]^[13]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]

Ngu?n g?c và phát tri?n

Ti?ng Ba T? b?t ngu?n t? ti?ng Ba T? c?, ng?n ng? c?a ?? ch? Achaemenes (kho?ng 550 - 330 TCN). Ti?ng Ba T? c? ???c ghi chép b?ng ch? vi?t Ba T? c?, m?t h? th?ng ch? vi?t d?a trên ch? hình nêm. Sau khi Alexander ??i ?? chinh ph?c Ba T?, ti?ng Hy L?p b?t ??u ?nh h??ng ??n ti?ng Ba T? c?, d?n ??n s? hình thành ti?ng Ba T? trung ??i, hay ti?ng Pahlavi (kho?ng 224 TCN - 651 SCN).

Ti?ng Ba T? trung ??i ???c s? d?ng d??i tri?u ??i Sassanid (224 - 651 SCN) và tr? thành ng?n ng? chính th?c c?a ?? ch?. Trong th?i k? này, ti?ng Ba T? ch?u ?nh h??ng t? ti?ng ? R?p, ??c bi?t là sau cu?c xam l??c H?i giáo vào th? k? th? 7. H? th?ng ch? vi?t Ba T?-? R?p ???c phát tri?n d?a trên ch? ? R?p, thay th? cho ch? vi?t Pahlavi.

Ti?ng Ba T? hi?n ??i b?t ??u phát tri?n t? th? k? th? 9 SCN. Ng?n ng? này ti?p t?c ch?u ?nh h??ng t? ti?ng ? R?p, c?ng nh? ti?ng Th? Nh? K? và ti?ng M?ng C?. Ti?ng Ba T? hi?n ??i có nhi?u ph??ng ng? khác nhau, ???c s? d?ng ? Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan và m?t s? qu?c gia khác.

Chú thích

^ ^a ^b ^c Samadi, Habibeh; Nick Perkins (2012). Martin Ball; David Crystal; Paul Fletcher (biên t?p). Assessing Grammar: The Languages of Lars. Multilingual Matters. tr. 169. ISBN 978-1-84769-637-3.
^ "IRAQ". Truy c?p ngày 7 tháng 11 n?m 2014.
^ Pilkington, Hilary; Yemelianova, Galina (2004). Islam in Post-Soviet Russia. Taylor & Francis. tr. 27. ISBN 978-0-203-21769-6.: "Among other indigenous peoples of Iranian origin were the Tats, the Talishes and the Kurds"
^ Mastyugina, Tatiana; Perepelkin, Lev (1996). An Ethnic History of Russia: Pre-revolutionary Times to the Present. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-29315-3., p. 80: "The Iranian Peoples (Ossetians, Tajiks, Tats, Mountain Judaists)"
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Windfuhr, Gernot: The Iranian Languages, Routledge 2009, p. 418.
^ Mikael Parkvall, "V?rldens 100 st?rsta spr?k 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in Nationalencyklopedin
^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarstr?m, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, biên t?p (2013). "Farsic – Caucasian Tat". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
^ Asta Olesen, "Islam and Politics in Afghanistan, Volume 3", Psychology Press, 1995. pg 205: "There began a general promotion of the Pashto language at the expense of Fārsi – previously dominant at the educational and administrative level – and the term 'Dari' for the Afghan version of Persian came into common use, being officially adopted in 1958"
^ Baker, Mona (2001). Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-25517-2., pg 518: "among them the realignment of Central Asian Persian, renamed Tajiki by the Soviet Union"
^ ^a ^b Lazard, Gilbert 1975, "The Rise of the New Persian Language" in Frye, R. N., The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 4, pp. 595–632, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. "The language known as New Persian, which usually is called at this period (early Islamic times) by the name of Dari or Farsi-Dari, can be classified linguistically as a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of Sassanian Iran, itself a continuation of Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenids. Unlike the other languages and dialects, ancient and modern, of the Iranian group such as Avestan, Parthian, Soghdian, Kurdish, Balochi, Pashto, etc., Old Persian, Middle and New Persian represent one and the same language at three states of its history. It had its origin in Fars (the true Persian country from the historical point of view) and is differentiated by dialectical features, still easily recognizable from the dialect prevailing in north-western and eastern Iran."
^ Ulrich Ammon, Norbert Dittmar, Klaus J. Mattheier, Peter Trudgill, "Sociolinguistics Hsk 3/3 Series Volume 3 of Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society", Walter de Gruyter, 2006. 2nd edition. pg 1912. Excerpt: "Ti?ng Ba T? trung ??i, còn ???c g?i là Pahlavi, là s? ti?p n?i tr?c ti?p c?a ti?ng Ba T? c?, và ?? ???c dùng nh? ng?n ng? vi?t chính th?c qu?c gia." "Tuy nhiên, sau cu?c xam l??c c?a ng??i H?i giáo và s? s?p ?? c?a nhà Sassanid, ti?ng Pahlavi d?n b? thay th? b?i Dari, b?n than c?ng là m?t d?ng c?a ti?ng Ba T? trung ??i, v?i l??ng t? m??n ?áng k? t? ti?ng ? R?p và Parthia."
^ Skj?rv?, Prods Oktor (2006). Encyclopedia Iranica, "Iran, vi. Iranian languages and scripts, "new Persian, is "the descendant of Middle Persian" and has since been "official language of Iranian states for centuries", whereas for other non-Persian Iranian languages "close genetic relationships are difficult to establish" between their different (Middle and Modern) stages. Modern Ya?nōbi belongs to the same dialect group as Sogdian, but is not a direct descendant; Bactrian may be closely related to modern Yid?a and Munji (Munjāni); and Wakhi (Wā?i) belongs with Khotanese."
^ ^a ^b Richard Davis, "Persian" in Josef W. Meri, Jere L. Bacharach, "Medieval Islamic Civilization", Taylor & Francis, 2006. pp. 602–603. "The grammar of New Persian is similar to many contemporary European languages."Similarly, the core vocabulary of Persian continued to be derived from Pahlavi.
^ Encyclop?dia Britannica: Persian literature, retrieved September 2011.
^ Holes, Clive (2001). Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary. BRILL. ISBN 90-04-10763-0., p. XXX
^ Lazard, Gilbert, "Pahlavi, Parsi, dari: Les langues d'Iran d'apès Ibn al-Muqaffa" in R.N. Frye, Iran and Islam. In Memory of the late Vladimir Minorsky, Edinburgh University Press, 1971.
^ Nushin Namazi (ngày 24 tháng 11 n?m 2008). "Persian Loan Words in Arabic". B?n g?c l?u tr? ngày 20 tháng 5 n?m 2011. Truy c?p ngày 1 tháng 6 n?m 2009.
^ Classe, Olive (2000). Encyclopedia of literary translation into English. Taylor & Francis. tr. 1057. ISBN 1-884964-36-2. Since the Arab conquest of the country in 7th century AD, many loan words have entered the language (which from this time has been written with a slightly modified version of the Arabic script) and the literature has been heavily influenced by the conventions of Arabic literature.
^ Ann K. S. Lambton, Persian grammar, Cambridge University Press 1953. "The Arabic words incorporated into the Persian language have become Persianized".

Liên k?t ngoài

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Academy of Persian Language and Literature official website L?u tr? ngày 30 tháng 8 n?m 2009 t?i Wayback Machine (ti?ng Ba T?)
Assembly for the Expansion of the Persian Language official website (ti?ng Ba T?)
Persian language Resources L?u tr? ngày 9 tháng 12 n?m 2012 t?i Wayback Machine (ti?ng Ba T?)
Persian Language Resources, parstimes.com
Haim, Soleiman. New Persian–English dictionary. Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Beroukhim, 1934–1936. uchicago.edu
Steingass, Francis Joseph. A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary. London: Routledge & K. Paul, 1892. uchicago.edu
UCLA Language Materials Project: L?u tr? ngày 20 tháng 7 n?m 2006 t?i Wayback Machine Persian L?u tr? ngày 23 tháng 9 n?m 2017 t?i Wayback Machine, ucla.edu
How Persian Alphabet Transits into Graffiti, Persian Graffiti
Basic Persian language course (book + audio files) USA Foreign Service Institute (FSI)

??c thêm

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Liên k?t ngoài

Bài vi?t này v?n còn s? khai. B?n có th? giúp Wikipedia m? r?ng n?i dung ?? bài ???c hoàn ch?nh h?n.

[Samadi-1] Samadi, Habibeh; Nick Perkins (2012). Martin Ball; David Crystal; Paul Fletcher (biên t?p). Assessing Grammar: The Languages of Lars. Multilingual Matters. tr. 169. ISBN 978-1-84769-637-3.

[2] "IRAQ". Truy c?p ngày 7 tháng 11 n?m 2014.

[3] Pilkington, Hilary; Yemelianova, Galina (2004). Islam in Post-Soviet Russia. Taylor & Francis. tr. 27. ISBN 978-0-203-21769-6.: "Among other indigenous peoples of Iranian origin were the Tats, the Talishes and the Kurds"

[4] Mastyugina, Tatiana; Perepelkin, Lev (1996). An Ethnic History of Russia: Pre-revolutionary Times to the Present. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-29315-3., p. 80: "The Iranian Peoples (Ossetians, Tajiks, Tats, Mountain Judaists)"

[Windfuhr-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Windfuhr, Gernot: The Iranian Languages, Routledge 2009, p. 418.

[6] Mikael Parkvall, "V?rldens 100 st?rsta spr?k 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in Nationalencyklopedin

[Glottolog-7] Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarstr?m, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, biên t?p (2013). "Farsic – Caucasian Tat". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

[8] Asta Olesen, "Islam and Politics in Afghanistan, Volume 3", Psychology Press, 1995. pg 205: "There began a general promotion of the Pashto language at the expense of Fārsi – previously dominant at the educational and administrative level – and the term 'Dari' for the Afghan version of Persian came into common use, being officially adopted in 1958"

[9] Baker, Mona (2001). Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-25517-2., pg 518: "among them the realignment of Central Asian Persian, renamed Tajiki by the Soviet Union"

[Lazard-10] Lazard, Gilbert 1975, "The Rise of the New Persian Language" in Frye, R. N., The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 4, pp. 595–632, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. "The language known as New Persian, which usually is called at this period (early Islamic times) by the name of Dari or Farsi-Dari, can be classified linguistically as a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of Sassanian Iran, itself a continuation of Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenids. Unlike the other languages and dialects, ancient and modern, of the Iranian group such as Avestan, Parthian, Soghdian, Kurdish, Balochi, Pashto, etc., Old Persian, Middle and New Persian represent one and the same language at three states of its history. It had its origin in Fars (the true Persian country from the historical point of view) and is differentiated by dialectical features, still easily recognizable from the dialect prevailing in north-western and eastern Iran."

[11] Ulrich Ammon, Norbert Dittmar, Klaus J. Mattheier, Peter Trudgill, "Sociolinguistics Hsk 3/3 Series Volume 3 of Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society", Walter de Gruyter, 2006. 2nd edition. pg 1912. Excerpt: "Ti?ng Ba T? trung ??i, còn ???c g?i là Pahlavi, là s? ti?p n?i tr?c ti?p c?a ti?ng Ba T? c?, và ?? ???c dùng nh? ng?n ng? vi?t chính th?c qu?c gia." "Tuy nhiên, sau cu?c xam l??c c?a ng??i H?i giáo và s? s?p ?? c?a nhà Sassanid, ti?ng Pahlavi d?n b? thay th? b?i Dari, b?n than c?ng là m?t d?ng c?a ti?ng Ba T? trung ??i, v?i l??ng t? m??n ?áng k? t? ti?ng ? R?p và Parthia."

[12] Skj?rv?, Prods Oktor (2006). Encyclopedia Iranica, "Iran, vi. Iranian languages and scripts, "new Persian, is "the descendant of Middle Persian" and has since been "official language of Iranian states for centuries", whereas for other non-Persian Iranian languages "close genetic relationships are difficult to establish" between their different (Middle and Modern) stages. Modern Ya?nōbi belongs to the same dialect group as Sogdian, but is not a direct descendant; Bactrian may be closely related to modern Yid?a and Munji (Munjāni); and Wakhi (Wā?i) belongs with Khotanese."

[Richard_Davis_2006._pp._602-603-13] Richard Davis, "Persian" in Josef W. Meri, Jere L. Bacharach, "Medieval Islamic Civilization", Taylor & Francis, 2006. pp. 602–603. "The grammar of New Persian is similar to many contemporary European languages."Similarly, the core vocabulary of Persian continued to be derived from Pahlavi.

[Persian_literature-14] Encyclop?dia Britannica: Persian literature, retrieved September 2011.

[15] Holes, Clive (2001). Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary. BRILL. ISBN 90-04-10763-0., p. XXX

[Lazard,_Gilbert_1971-16] Lazard, Gilbert, "Pahlavi, Parsi, dari: Les langues d'Iran d'apès Ibn al-Muqaffa" in R.N. Frye, Iran and Islam. In Memory of the late Vladimir Minorsky, Edinburgh University Press, 1971.

[Nushin_Namazi-17] Nushin Namazi (ngày 24 tháng 11 n?m 2008). "Persian Loan Words in Arabic". B?n g?c l?u tr? ngày 20 tháng 5 n?m 2011. Truy c?p ngày 1 tháng 6 n?m 2009.

[Classe_2000_1057-18] Classe, Olive (2000). Encyclopedia of literary translation into English. Taylor & Francis. tr. 1057. ISBN 1-884964-36-2. Since the Arab conquest of the country in 7th century AD, many loan words have entered the language (which from this time has been written with a slightly modified version of the Arabic script) and the literature has been heavily influenced by the conventions of Arabic literature.

[lambtonexcerpt-19] Ann K. S. Lambton, Persian grammar, Cambridge University Press 1953. "The Arabic words incorporated into the Persian language have become Persianized".

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x t s Ng?n ng? t?i Iran
Ng?n ng? chính th?c	Ba T?
Ng?n ng? thi?u s? ?áng k?	Azerbaijan Kurd Lur Gilak Mazanderan ? R?p Baloch Talysh Tat Qashqai Turkmen Semnan
Ng?n ng? khác	Dom Armenia Assyria Circassia Gruzia Hebrew
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